Dandruff is one of the most common and frustrating scalp issues people face, with nearly half of adults affected by it at some point. While the flaky scalp condition can be bothersome on its own, many also report experiencing hair thinning or increased shedding alongside it. But is dandruff actually to blame for hair loss?
To answer this pressing question, top dermatologists and hair loss specialists break down what dandruff is, how to distinguish it from dry skin, and whether it truly contributes to hair loss.
What Is Dandruff?
Contrary to popular belief, dandruff is not a sign of dry skin—it’s often the opposite. Dandruff typically arises from an overproduction of oil on the scalp, which fosters the growth of a naturally occurring yeast called Malassezia.
“Dandruff is related to an overgrowth of yeast that we all have on our skin, particularly the scalp,” explains Dr. Christina Han, board-certified dermatologist and Medical Director at XYON Health. “This yeast thrives in oily conditions, causing itching and inflammation that lead to flakes.”
A common cause of dandruff is seborrheic dermatitis—a chronic inflammatory skin condition. According to Dr. Viktoryia Kazlouskaya, dermatologist and founder of Dermatology Circle in New York City, it occurs when the skin’s natural yeast overgrows in response to oil. Additional triggers include infrequent hair washing, harsh hair products, sensitivity to ingredients, and seasonal changes like dry weather.
Dandruff vs. Dry Scalp: How to Tell the Difference
While both conditions result in flaking, the appearance of those flakes can help differentiate them. Dr. Stephanie Taylor, dermatologist and Senior Consultant at Medpak Solutions, notes that dry scalp flakes tend to be smaller, whiter, and more powdery, while dandruff flakes are usually larger, oilier, and yellow-tinged due to excess sebum.
Can Dandruff Cause Hair Loss?
Experts agree that dandruff itself does not directly lead to hair loss—but its symptoms can. Persistent itching, inflammation, and scratching can weaken hair follicles and disrupt the scalp environment, contributing to shedding.
“Inflammation can disrupt the hair growth cycle, and scratching can damage hair follicles, leading to breakage or premature shedding,” says Dr. Alan J. Bauman, board-certified hair restoration physician. He adds that excess sebum and flake buildup may also encourage microbial overgrowth, further irritating the scalp.
The good news? Hair loss from dandruff is usually temporary. “The type of hair loss linked to dandruff is called telogen effluvium, which is typically reversible,” says Dr. Taylor. “Once the underlying inflammation is treated and scalp health is restored, hair growth can resume.”
How to Treat Dandruff—and Prevent Hair Loss
If you’re dealing with excessive flaking or shedding, consult a board-certified dermatologist to confirm a diagnosis before starting treatment. For mild cases, over-the-counter dandruff shampoos can be an effective first step.
Key ingredients to look for include:
Ketoconazole (e.g., Nizoral Anti-Dandruff Shampoo)
Salicylic Acid (e.g., Verb Dandruff Shampoo)
Pyrithione Zinc (e.g., CeraVe Anti-Dandruff Hydrating Shampoo)
Selenium Sulfide
In addition to medicated shampoos, experts recommend minimizing scratching, washing hair regularly, and using gentle, hydrating conditioners to support scalp health.
Bottom Line
Dandruff may not directly cause hair loss, but the inflammation and irritation it brings can contribute to shedding if left untreated. The good news is that with the right care and expert guidance, both dandruff and associated hair loss can often be managed and reversed.
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